Health insurance is one of the most important aspects of moving to Germany. Whether you’re a student, an employee, or a freelancer, having valid health insurance is mandatory under German law. It not only provides access to medical care but also protects you from unexpected financial burdens in case of illness or accidents. Understanding how the system works before you arrive can save you time, stress, and unnecessary complications.

The Dual System: Public and Private Health Insurance
Germany operates under a dual health insurance system that includes public (GKV) and private (PKV) providers.
Each has its own eligibility requirements, benefits, and costs, so it’s crucial to select the right one based on your employment status and long-term plans.

Public Health Insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung – GKV):
This is the most common form of insurance, especially for employees earning below a specific annual income threshold (around €69,300 as of 2025). Contributions are income-based, typically split equally between you and your employer. GKV covers essential healthcare services such as doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription medicines, maternity care, and preventive checkups. Major providers include TK (Techniker Krankenkasse), AOK, Barmer, and DAK.

Private Health Insurance (Private Krankenversicherung – PKV):
Private plans are designed for freelancers, self-employed individuals, and employees who earn above the income limit. PKV often offers enhanced benefits like shorter waiting times, private hospital rooms, and specialized treatments. However, premiums depend on your age, health condition, and coverage level rather than income. Once you switch to PKV, returning to public insurance later can be difficult, so make your choice carefully.

Enrollment Process
Before your visa appointment or arrival in Germany, you’ll need to show proof of valid health insurance.
Here’s what to do:

Compare plans online or through an authorized agent who helps expats.

Choose your provider (for example, TK for students or AOK for families).

Submit an application and receive a confirmation letter (Versicherungsbescheinigung).

Use this confirmation as proof for your visa application or university enrollment.

Once you arrive, your provider will send your health insurance card (Gesundheitskarte), which you’ll present during doctor visits or hospital check-ins.